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Converters Tools & Calculators

Accurately convert across byte and bit units. Understand differences between IEC binary prefixes (KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB) and SI decimal units (KB, MB, GB, TB).

Storage and bandwidth conversions fail most often not because the math is hard but because two incompatible systems coexist: SI decimal prefixes (1 kB = 1,000 bytes) and IEC binary prefixes (1 KiB = 1,024 bytes). Every converter here shows which standard it is applying, so a result can always be traced to a definition.

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When this matters in practice

  • A "1 TB" drive reports ~931 GiB in Windows: the manufacturer used decimal TB (10^12 bytes), the OS displays binary GiB (bytes / 2^30). Nothing is missing.
  • A "100 Mbps" line moves at most 12.5 MB/s (divide bits by 8, use decimal megabytes) — before protocol overhead, which typically reduces throughput another 5–10%.
  • File sizes in most operating systems are shown in binary units even when labeled "MB", which is why downloads occasionally look larger than advertised.

Choosing the right unit family

Use decimal units (kB, MB, GB, kb, Mb, Gb) when comparing against marketing figures, network speeds, or disk labels. Use binary units (KiB, MiB, GiB) when comparing against what an operating system, file system, or memory tool reports. The converters can produce both from one input so you never have to remember whether the multiplier is 1,000 or 1,024.

Common mistakes

  • Converting bits to bytes without dividing by 8 — the classic Mbps vs MB/s confusion.
  • Assuming 1 GB = 1 GiB "close enough": the gap is 7.4%, and it compounds to nearly 10% at the terabyte scale.
  • Copying a value from one converter output into a tool that assumes the other standard, silently doubling the error.